![]() Results: We do so based on the material or ideational, as well as shallow or deep nature of these factors. ![]() Methods: We draw on a systematic review of existing research and use empirical observations to develop conceptual terms that revisit the structure-agency dilemma and offer ways going forward about (un)sustainable consumption. To move beyond the current state of research, this article systematizes political, economic, technological, and societal structural factors the literature identifies as impactful regarding the sustainability of consumption and lifestyles compatible with the targets of the Paris Agreement. ![]() What often remains implicit in studies on structural phenomena are different types of structures, how they may or may not restrict the agency of individuals in particular ways, and how these restrictions support sustainable consumption patterns at the societal level. However, “structure” is a blurry concept and scholars use it in a multitude of ways. Introduction: Transforming consumption and lifestyles toward sustainability cannot be achieved by individual behavior change alone but requires changes in the structures in which this behavior is embedded. 2Sustainable Consumption Institute, Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.1Institute of Political Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.Steffen Hirth 1,2 * †, Halliki Kreinin 1 †, Doris Fuchs 1 †, Nils Blossey 1, Pia Mamut 1, Jeremy Philipp 1, Isabelle Radovan 1 and the EU1.5°Lifestyles Consortium
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